HALVING 3

STROKES Md Nd Ld Ard

Strokes M N L Ar are halved and thickened to add a D sound.

These strokes can be remembered by the word MaNLieR

(A) Strokes M and N are halved and thickened to add D:

There can be a vowel between: "mad, need" or the sounds can run on: "timed, end"
 

mad madam made/maid mud moods middle

seemed/seamed steamed timed calmed jammed

famed assumed named rhymed

homed hummed humid hammed

roamed armed harmed warmed

need annoyed snowed nude nudes renewed

sand signed sound end send

designed thousand listened reasoned

stun stunned stone stoned

Note: "stand, stunt, stint" are covered in Lesson 28 Final Hooks Halving

(B) Stroke L is halved for T:
 

lot light let lit little lately

slight sleet salt silt

polite ballot belt toilet tilt adult

felt fillet volt melt result

The halved L is written downward after N or NS, same as the normal L stroke, to continue the anticlockwise motion of the curves:
 

knelt inlet unlit sunlit insult insulate

Dot Ing is used after a halved downward L:
 

insulting insulating

(C) L is halved and thickened to represent Ld, either alone or after another stroke. There is no vowel between the two sounds and it is always written downwards. The stroke name is Eld:
 

old ailed pulled bald/balled/bawled billed toiled

jailed guild/gild killed skilled scold

filed failed fold field kneeled

mailed emailed* mild smiled

* Must always have its first vowel sign written in, as otherwise it is identical to "mailed"

yield behold uphold withhold

Dot Ing and Dash Ings are used after the Eld stroke:
 

folding moulding mouldings gilding yielding upholding

Note the past tenses have full strokes:

folded fielded moulded

gilded scolded yielded

Full strokes L and D are used when there is a vowel between:

lied load loud delayed

relied followed invalid solid

Full strokes are used after an initial attachment:
 

hauled hold held sailed

sold soiled swelled styled
 

Distinguishing Outlines

unsold unsoiled

"Unsold" is the faster outline for the more common of the two, and "unsoiled" gives space for the diphthong to be written in.

(D) Stroke Ar

Stroke Ar is halved for T, with no vowel between:
 

art heart hurt hurts

Ar is halved and thickened for D, with no vowel between, the stroke name is Ard:
 

aired appeared disappeared bored

tired desired heard jeered*

* The short form outline for the similar sounding (but opposite meaning) word "cheered" is given in Lesson 22

card afford feared veered

stored wired ward/warred weird sneered

shared ensured insured secured admired

Dot Ing is used after halved Ar and stroke Ard:
 

hurting herding hoardings affording carding

Where stroke Ard does not join clearly, a halved Ray is used:
 

geared gored lard Lord*

* The personal name does not use the short form

coloured answered censored sponsored

(E) Stroke Ray

Ray is not halved when it is a lone stroke with no attachments, as that would look too much like the short forms "and" and "should". A full stroke T or D is written:
 

right/rite/write rate root/route ride red rude

Following other strokes, Ray is halved for T and a stroke used for a following D:
 

parrot upright copyright berate

carrot merit fortunate
 

parade buried/berried torrid horrid

carried married ferried varied

deride narrowed worried wearied

The sound of -RT at the end is generally a halved Ray, to create a clear angle and enable derivatives:
 

part apart sport support report expert

tart dart chart parted supported

reported charted supporting darting

Halved Ray is used for S-RT:
 

sort resort certify certain certainly

assert insert sorted asserted inserted

Note: desert/dessert shirt as they are clearer for inserting the vowel sign, deserted shirted

(F) Stroke Ing

Stroke Ing cannot be halved, as that shape is used for ND, and so a full stroke T or D is added:
 

pinged banged tongued dinged
 

wronged hanged belonged

These outlines omit the K sound, as it is very lightly sounded:
 

distinct indistinct extinct

instinct succinct adjunct

Do not be misled by spelling, words like the following are not Ing sounds:
 

changed ranged lunged hinged singed

(G) Distinguishing Outlines:

endless endlessly needless* needlessly*

* Using full strokes also allows the first vowel to be inserted clearly

Always insert a vowel by the stroke K in these:

indicate indicating indicated

induct inducting inducted

Reminder: sent (short form) send (normal outline)

Short Forms
 

hand under yard word

Derivatives:
 

handing handsome underhand

handle handling handled Note: handed
 

underneath wording wordsmith

Contractions
 

immediate certificate knowledge acknowledge individual-ly independent-ly-ce
 

Derivatives: immediately acknowledged acknowledging

(H) Phrases
 

Halving can represent "it" in phrases:
 

if it, if it is, in which it is, I think it is, I think it was, I think it may be
 

Note: for it, for it is to differentiate

A halved Way can represent "would" or "word" in the middle or end of a phrase, if it joins better than the short form:
 

this would be, they would have, we would be, we would have

I would, I would be, I would have, I would like*, we would like*

* Downward L, in order to make a compact phrase

many would be, many words, few words, these words

Contracted phrase: United Kingdom

SUMMARY

• Strokes M N L Ar are halved and thickened to add D

• No vowel between the LD or Ar-D sounds

• LD stroke is only used alone or at end of outline, and takes Dot Ing

• Lone Ray is not halved

• Final Ray is halved for T, full strokes for R+D

• Ing cannot be halved, add stroke D instead

• K sound is omitted in words ending "-inct" "unct"

EXTRA VOCABULARY
 

MD

MD: mid amid mewed modes, moderate (adjective), moderate (verb)

modernise medicine midst amidst Note: modest

palmed bombed tamed dammed/damned dimmed shamed

combed gummed thumbed limbed fumed

resumed hemmed stemmed stymied

rhymed rimmed re-made numbed

ND

nod gnawed node Ned

sunned sinned snood snide

resigned resend hastened fastened astound

syndicate index indexed indict indicted

intend indent undoubted undoubtedly

kindle candle candlestick

-NGED

bunged ringed winged fanged

twanged ceilinged boomeranged

LT

late loot/lute lout slot slate slit

pallet pelt dolt jolt jilt

lilt moult malt mallet ultimate ultimatum

tumult revolting bullet valet exalt

ELD

piled peeled boiled bailed/baled bowled*

* The word "bold" has a special outline, given in Lesson 34

tilled dulled doled dialled chilled gelled

filled fuelled unfold scaffold scald

veiled availed revealed reviled

nailed annulled behold foothold

ARD

erred paired peered bared beard toured

attired retired restored fared ford revered

charred adjured fired marred mired

assured snared snored cord/chord

cored scored scared cured

obscured ardent ordain inordinate

sired sword soared absurd stared steered sward

RT

uncertain uncertainty assort assorted ascertain

spurt abort Robert skirt girt/gird

aborted skirted skirting girded riot

=====

pallied bullied dallied relayed

stalled stolid stilled eyelid

hailed/haled hulled healed/heeled oiled charade

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