INITIAL HOOKS 6

INTERVENING VOWELS: R & L HOOKS
 

In some outlines, an initial hook is used even though a distinct vowel comes between the stroke and the L or R sound. This is to avoid long or awkward outlines, and only when there is no possibility of misreading for another outline.

The vowel that comes between the stroke and its hook cannot be shown as normal, so instead:

• A dot vowel is written as a small circle against the hooked stroke

• A dash vowel is written at the head, through the middle or through the end of the stroke

These are called intervening vowels because they come between the two sounds of the hooked stroke. Generally the outlines are readable without having to insert the intervening vowel signs.

(A) Dot vowels are replaced by a small circle:

The second place thin dot vowel is not shown, as it is the commonest:

person perm pearl perfect perceive

persist perimeter term terminate terminus

kernel/colonel girl girder develop verb version

thirty thirteen thirsty thermal therapy

A very few outlines have an intervening vowel sign, a small detached circle, for the second place thick dot:
 

debonair legionnaire extraordinaire luminaire Note: luminary

(B) First and third place dot vowels are shown by the detached circle, generally after the stroke, but before if that is clearer or if that is the only available place:
 

parcel partner barley target dark

charm Charles cart garden
 

sharp shark souvenir engineer atmosphere

The Small circle is written before its stroke in these, to keep it separate from the vowel sign that is written on the other side:
 

parallel paragraph children narrate

The small circle for a third place vowel never moves forward to the next stroke, because there is the R or L sound between them.

In these, the intervening vowel is not shown, as there are no words beginning TL- or DL- that they could clash with:
 

telephone telegraph telescope telecast delegate
 

delicate delicatessen deliberate derelict delightful

In full for: delight televise telephoto

(C) Dash vowels are written at the head, through the middle or through the end of the stroke:

First place dash is written at the head of the stroke:
 

record George Georgina moral north

college correspond correspondence politics

Second place dash is written through the middle of the stroke:

purchase purple bold* turmoil

* Special outline, compare with "bowled" in Lesson 21


church occur course discourse court

curl curtain courage encourage

correct correction collect collection

recurring before Thursday
 

Third place dash Most outlines using the hooked FL stroke for the common suffix "-ful" do not have the vowel sign, these are generally adjectives and their adverbs "beautiful/ly doubtful regretful/ly". A very few that are nouns or verbs do have the intervening sign, to aid recognition. The dash is written through the stroke towards the end:

fulfil mouthful cupful shovelful

In the above, the hooked FL stroke is used to avoid three or more downstrokes.

(D) Diphthongs

When acting as intervening vowels, the I diphthong is written at the head of the stroke:

direct direct directly direction

The U diphthong is written through the end of the stroke:

literature capture mixture moisture

fixture lecture texture

On horizontals, or if the stroke has a final attachment, the U diphthong is written at the end point of the stroke:

calculate calculation circulate regulation

lectures captures scriptures

The other diphthongs do not occur as intervening vowel signs.

(E) Distinguishing outlines

personal personnel, support separate (noun) separate (verb)

permit promote, permission promotion, regard regret

propose purpose property propriety

prominent permanent pre-eminent

forego* forgo** forgive forget

* "forego" means to precede, go before

** "forgo" means to relinquish, renounce, abstain; sometimes also spelled "forego"

(F) Special outline:

firstly*   * Omits the T

Short Forms

very their/there third

Phrases

they are, there is, there is not, there is no, their own, thirdly

In these phrases, "much" is written in full in order to be able to join, as it is faster to include the M than to write separate outlines, and also differentiates from "large":

very much, so much, too much, how much
 

Omission phrase: here and there

SUMMARY

• L and R hooks can also be used when there is a strongly sounded vowel between, to gain a briefer outline

• Dot vowel sound is shown as a circle against the stroke

• Dash vowel sound is shown as a dash at the head, through the middle, or through the end of the stroke

• Diphthong vowel sign U written through the stroke, or, if there is a Circle S, against the end point

EXTRA VOCABULARY

verse averse verge verger refrigeration

vertical vertigo barmy darling incarcerate

garnish gnarl palpable galvanise pupil

mutineer hemisphere dilapidate shilling pilgrim

philosophy accordance politician political cornet

corridor corporate correlate colony dormer

dormouse dorsal vortex technology chronology

purloin portray boldly boldest

turtle turkey turbulence turnip

cultivate culture occurrence curse cursory

curt curfew discourage discourtesy curdle

excursion incursion directional directive

denture admixture rupture Scripture

burglar articulate articulation circulation calculation

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